sham
Y
n. (名詞 noun)
1. 欺騙;騙局[S]
Their independence was a sham.
他們的獨立是一個騙局。
2. 虛偽;假裝[U]
3. 假的東西,贗品[C][S1]
4. 假冒者,騙子[C]
5. (擺設用的)繡花枕套(或床罩)[C]
a. (形容詞 adjective)[Z]
1. 虛假的,假裝的
2. 仿造的,劣質的
3. 模擬的
vt. (及物動詞 transitive verb)
1. 假裝,佯作
2. 冒充,仿製
vi. (不及物動詞 intransitive verb)
1. 裝假
C
artificial, counterfeit, ersatz, fake, false, imitation, sham, spurious, substitute, synthetic (adjs.)
The number of these synonyms in English is very great.
Artificial is the antonym of natural and real and usually indicates something man-made, in imitation of something found in life or nature.
The term can be ameliorative : there is nothing innately bad about an artificial [lake].
But it can also be pejorative: The [flower] I had admired so much turned out to be artificial.
Counterfeit is clearly pejorative, as in counterfeit [money]; a counterfeit is an imitation deliberately intended to deceive, and dishonestly at that.
Ersatz, a word borrowed from German, applies only to things clearly inferior to those they are intended to replace. Thus, ersatz [coffee] usually tastes terrible.
Fake and sham things are patently false: fake [eyelashes] or false [eyelashes] will usually deceive no one, even if, like false [teeth], they may be better for their purposes than nothing.
Spurious also makes clear the deliberate deception: a spurious police [officer] is someone pretending to be a police officer, probably for no honorable purpose.
Choosing the Best Film Ever is a straightforward task; the criterion for such a competition – spurious as it may be – is a simple combination of quality and popularity.
A substitute police officer, like a substitute [teacher], may not always be inferior to the original, but our experience leads us to expect that to be the case; hence substitute is frequently pejorative.
Synthetic is not necessarily pejorative but rather suggests something made chemically to approximate as nearly as possible something natural: synthetic [rubber].
。法律用語
Forensic
。偷竊
。買賣
。廉價
Forensic
。搶劫侵占
heist
rifle
pillage
What Reservoir Dogs began and Pulp Fiction made into a phenomenon was the [pillaging] of decades' worth of cult influence – stripping [out] an entire generation of movies for shots, lines and soundtrack ideas. And the problem was never the [plagiarism], it was that in becoming a one-stop shop for the history of cult,
caper
buccaneer
corsair
brigand
picaroon
The good, fourth century mysoginist, just one of the dozens of saints, [rascals], nuns, [picaroons], inquisitors, heretics, bishops, whores and humble people
incursion
hostile entrance into or invasion of a place or territory, esp. a sudden one, raid
a running in
the incursion of [sea] water.
All I can hope for is that the strength of the Hugh Jackman & Darren Aronofsky [pairing] will be enough to resist the incursions of terrible studio notes from Tom Rothman and others at Fox.
coddle
poach
They can't poach herring from our [waters].
a staff poached [from] other companies.
reave
take away by or as by force, plunder, rob
Please, Charlie. Amy. I don't want to reave you, but I will.
plunder
to plunder a [town].
to plunder the public [treasury].
Shooting with amateur actors on real locations, plundering his [surroundings] for his shots and props,
maraud
roam or go around in quest of plunder, make a raid for booty
Several members of the marauding [band] of bikers were played by members of the local chapter of the Pagans Motorcycle Club. The [elaborate] motorcycles they drove were their own.
ravage
The marauders ravaged the [village].
All three are symbolically [annihilated] by Jared, who [ravages] her while grunting [sexist] and [racist] epithets in her ear.
The key to the film's success lies in its use of contrast -- not the contrast between the world as it was and what it's now become, but the contrast between those who would instinctively [ravage] and [consume] a fellow human being in the name of survival, and those who refuse to betray the values left over from another time and place.
ravish
While ravishing [her], he excuses himself by rationalizing that she'd [fare] worse on the streets.
The [soldiers] [killed] the few men there, and brutally ravished the [woman].
The [storehouse] door had been [broken], and all the supplies had been ravished [away].
Their playing of the double concerto simply ravished the [audience].
She looked [stunning], absolutely ravishing, when she made her entrance.
A major sequence in which the nuns tear down and [ravish] a life-sized icon of Christ in an [orgiastic] frenzy was cut from the film and subsequently vanished.
cf.
lavish
Dissipate
despoliation
The despoliation of Moreno's grave, clear-eyed [child] of nature is the movie's emotional crux.
usurp
that her "real" mother has been [usurped] by an impostor, and her father [subverted].
The magazine usurped [copyrighted] material.
The story depicted in the song "Origin of Love" is from Plato's "Symposium," in which Aristophanes gives a speech about love being a product of the need to reunite with one's other half after being split into two, as punishment for conspiring to [usurp] the gods of Olympus.
supersede
one that is superseded only [by] the enigma of how he managed to secure financing and such a [terrific] cast for the picture in the first place.
infestation
Story concerns a couple, to be played by McAvoy and Banks, who discover an infestation of [raccoons] in their back yard.
。詐欺
plunder
Cajole
Sham
Y
n. (名詞 noun)
1. 欺騙;騙局[S]
Their independence was a sham.
他們的獨立是一個騙局。
2. 虛偽;假裝[U]
3. 假的東西,贗品[C][S1]
4. 假冒者,騙子[C]
5. (擺設用的)繡花枕套(或床罩)[C]
a. (形容詞 adjective)[Z]
1. 虛假的,假裝的
2. 仿造的,劣質的
3. 模擬的
vt. (及物動詞 transitive verb)
1. 假裝,佯作
2. 冒充,仿製
vi. (不及物動詞 intransitive verb)
1. 裝假
C
artificial, counterfeit, ersatz, fake, false, imitation, sham, spurious, substitute, synthetic (adjs.)
The number of these synonyms in English is very great.
Artificial is the antonym of natural and real and usually indicates something man-made, in imitation of something found in life or nature.
The term can be ameliorative : there is nothing innately bad about an artificial [lake].
But it can also be pejorative: The [flower] I had admired so much turned out to be artificial.
Counterfeit is clearly pejorative, as in counterfeit [money]; a counterfeit is an imitation deliberately intended to deceive, and dishonestly at that.
Ersatz, a word borrowed from German, applies only to things clearly inferior to those they are intended to replace. Thus, ersatz [coffee] usually tastes terrible.
Fake and sham things are patently false: fake [eyelashes] or false [eyelashes] will usually deceive no one, even if, like false [teeth], they may be better for their purposes than nothing.
Spurious also makes clear the deliberate deception: a spurious police [officer] is someone pretending to be a police officer, probably for no honorable purpose.
Choosing the Best Film Ever is a straightforward task; the criterion for such a competition – spurious as it may be – is a simple combination of quality and popularity.
A substitute police officer, like a substitute [teacher], may not always be inferior to the original, but our experience leads us to expect that to be the case; hence substitute is frequently pejorative.
Synthetic is not necessarily pejorative but rather suggests something made chemically to approximate as nearly as possible something natural: synthetic [rubber].
。法律用語
Forensic
。偷竊
。買賣
。廉價
Forensic
。搶劫侵占
heist
rifle
pillage
What Reservoir Dogs began and Pulp Fiction made into a phenomenon was the [pillaging] of decades' worth of cult influence – stripping [out] an entire generation of movies for shots, lines and soundtrack ideas. And the problem was never the [plagiarism], it was that in becoming a one-stop shop for the history of cult,
caper
buccaneer
corsair
brigand
picaroon
The good, fourth century mysoginist, just one of the dozens of saints, [rascals], nuns, [picaroons], inquisitors, heretics, bishops, whores and humble people
incursion
hostile entrance into or invasion of a place or territory, esp. a sudden one, raid
a running in
the incursion of [sea] water.
All I can hope for is that the strength of the Hugh Jackman & Darren Aronofsky [pairing] will be enough to resist the incursions of terrible studio notes from Tom Rothman and others at Fox.
coddle
poach
They can't poach herring from our [waters].
a staff poached [from] other companies.
reave
take away by or as by force, plunder, rob
Please, Charlie. Amy. I don't want to reave you, but I will.
plunder
to plunder a [town].
to plunder the public [treasury].
Shooting with amateur actors on real locations, plundering his [surroundings] for his shots and props,
maraud
roam or go around in quest of plunder, make a raid for booty
Several members of the marauding [band] of bikers were played by members of the local chapter of the Pagans Motorcycle Club. The [elaborate] motorcycles they drove were their own.
ravage
The marauders ravaged the [village].
All three are symbolically [annihilated] by Jared, who [ravages] her while grunting [sexist] and [racist] epithets in her ear.
The key to the film's success lies in its use of contrast -- not the contrast between the world as it was and what it's now become, but the contrast between those who would instinctively [ravage] and [consume] a fellow human being in the name of survival, and those who refuse to betray the values left over from another time and place.
ravish
While ravishing [her], he excuses himself by rationalizing that she'd [fare] worse on the streets.
The [soldiers] [killed] the few men there, and brutally ravished the [woman].
The [storehouse] door had been [broken], and all the supplies had been ravished [away].
Their playing of the double concerto simply ravished the [audience].
She looked [stunning], absolutely ravishing, when she made her entrance.
A major sequence in which the nuns tear down and [ravish] a life-sized icon of Christ in an [orgiastic] frenzy was cut from the film and subsequently vanished.
cf.
lavish
Dissipate
despoliation
The despoliation of Moreno's grave, clear-eyed [child] of nature is the movie's emotional crux.
usurp
that her "real" mother has been [usurped] by an impostor, and her father [subverted].
The magazine usurped [copyrighted] material.
The story depicted in the song "Origin of Love" is from Plato's "Symposium," in which Aristophanes gives a speech about love being a product of the need to reunite with one's other half after being split into two, as punishment for conspiring to [usurp] the gods of Olympus.
supersede
one that is superseded only [by] the enigma of how he managed to secure financing and such a [terrific] cast for the picture in the first place.
infestation
Story concerns a couple, to be played by McAvoy and Banks, who discover an infestation of [raccoons] in their back yard.
。詐欺
plunder
Cajole
Sham
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